tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72484002508347389562024-02-07T21:53:59.909+02:00delectableDataData can be fascinating. With a good graph or map, data can be very fascinating. It can even be delectable.
(Delectable: attractive, delicious, enjoyable, pleasing, agreeable.)
Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comBlogger24125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-85623296056362326912018-03-13T14:51:00.000+02:002018-03-14T18:43:48.489+02:00Decision trees for UK votingThe next data-analysis method I'm playing with is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree">decision-tree</a> regression.<br />
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It's a method often said to be included in a field of statistical computing (called machine learning, statistical learning, artificial intelligence, data mining, supervised learning, etc). Decision trees usefully split up datasets into groups, often using YES/NO questions at each split.<br />
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I'm using data from Qriously (date 2017-06-07) in the run-up to the UK general election. I'm looking only at England & Wales, and I've only considered 3 regressors: gender (0=F, 1=M), age, income. I've considered a YES/NO voting intention for the 5 biggest political parties.<br />
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The trees are below. Here are some key aspects that jump out:<br />
<ul>
<li>Age seems to be the most important regressor for most parties.</li>
<li>CON seems to get many votes from older voters (except if they're poor).</li>
<li>CON gets few votes from younger votes (especially poorer voters).</li>
<li>CON's best group were older females (not males as one might expect - maybe this is simply a bias of longer life expectancy for females).</li>
<li>LAB/CON results are fairly inverted (as we might expect), i.e. poorer and younger voters favouring LAB. </li>
<li>LAB's best group were young, poor females.</li>
<li>LAB's worst group are the 65+.</li>
<li>LIB seems to do best from low- and middle-income voters, more-so for male voters.</li>
<li>LIB's two worst groups are from (a) elderly richer females, and (b) poorer older voters.</li>
<li>GRN's voters are generally younger (the one exception being wealthier older females) -- young males is one key group.</li>
<li>GRN does badly with (a) older, poorer voters and (b) older, richer males.</li>
<li>UKIP voters are generally poorer. One key group being poorer younger males.</li>
</ul>
There are so many assumptions and drawbacks in these sorts of analyses - but anyway, interesting all the same.<br />
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CON: <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5Cc5TvWzgYB1rih0iPCrA3evigVXOx8b3pa5vDvejeqZB0DspHxEuOuuByzji2gn7ILDsDKSHZAevLLawV5udIJEOoSfqLgPB74TBZnFIXlKZhY4LtDM_nfPp3K_aXbZhEEwBhny9Co4/s1600/GE17_CON.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="1343" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5Cc5TvWzgYB1rih0iPCrA3evigVXOx8b3pa5vDvejeqZB0DspHxEuOuuByzji2gn7ILDsDKSHZAevLLawV5udIJEOoSfqLgPB74TBZnFIXlKZhY4LtDM_nfPp3K_aXbZhEEwBhny9Co4/s400/GE17_CON.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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LAB: <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJsOOoGs7Zmt7jdWO_MoAUkYOIOuStXaEuUtpTAVqPs-69U-P38M3frFlqdbQ1sxKMNWRXM18p-SMv3fGQ3h37F5XjjblvVN-5muCZoMw_jTlbACoh1EefE8gT6jKcK7UfS4MwN_1foLA/s1600/GE17_LAB.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="1352" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJsOOoGs7Zmt7jdWO_MoAUkYOIOuStXaEuUtpTAVqPs-69U-P38M3frFlqdbQ1sxKMNWRXM18p-SMv3fGQ3h37F5XjjblvVN-5muCZoMw_jTlbACoh1EefE8gT6jKcK7UfS4MwN_1foLA/s400/GE17_LAB.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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LIB: <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7ZuA3enGtqL459UCioKcBbyVaboA_p-My4IT9cgP5A3mLLQQDYSfG4HyOcAvBI1d3zfmBxWSL8yxxPR6ZDngk13x4C-p53vs94T2hxi7PWVOI4HX2xq9kkVz9xt6Eq1YM6vfw5KQdQW0/s1600/GE17_LIB.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="1330" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7ZuA3enGtqL459UCioKcBbyVaboA_p-My4IT9cgP5A3mLLQQDYSfG4HyOcAvBI1d3zfmBxWSL8yxxPR6ZDngk13x4C-p53vs94T2hxi7PWVOI4HX2xq9kkVz9xt6Eq1YM6vfw5KQdQW0/s400/GE17_LIB.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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UKIP: <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhlDKPO_2MTn17guudTQ87Faf4Eye5mMKUgHDq2v3DWbiO8Jm0XxGQ35uGjFUlnZDi9p-cjc3sT-1z2LLP_YwTcVin-aj17tkL9HwZ7z9x1EVgYTXsf_xsmUwnPJYiRISTNW2TZ43iqNU/s1600/GE17_UKIP.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="1339" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhlDKPO_2MTn17guudTQ87Faf4Eye5mMKUgHDq2v3DWbiO8Jm0XxGQ35uGjFUlnZDi9p-cjc3sT-1z2LLP_YwTcVin-aj17tkL9HwZ7z9x1EVgYTXsf_xsmUwnPJYiRISTNW2TZ43iqNU/s400/GE17_UKIP.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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GRN: <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXZbDEgzcSigsdoWuQfIrpe16bxUT_IuaIPmbfw7spcOOY1WBjSsmyVcBIBv9gBizvL0AjsoYwPVwYj-xhXows3qUbiGll5HPhuEPAYX2L6M8JS5dndVGepmn4sky-e2U9Tbz8jcb3q_I/s1600/GE17_GRN.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="1029" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXZbDEgzcSigsdoWuQfIrpe16bxUT_IuaIPmbfw7spcOOY1WBjSsmyVcBIBv9gBizvL0AjsoYwPVwYj-xhXows3qUbiGll5HPhuEPAYX2L6M8JS5dndVGepmn4sky-e2U9Tbz8jcb3q_I/s400/GE17_GRN.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-15993590702206818512018-03-07T14:00:00.000+02:002018-03-07T14:01:07.045+02:00Logistic regressionThe next data-analysis method I'm playing with is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_regression">logistic regression</a> (LR). <br />
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It's a method often said to be included in a field of statistical computing (called machine learning, statistical learning, artificial intelligence, data mining, unsupervised learning, etc). LR is mostly used in cases of yes/no classifications.<br />
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I'm trying to use data from my previous blogs where possible. So the dataset is not really super suitable for LR (I don't believe I could really use the model result to predict the probability of future undisturbed nights of sleep) - but I'll use it anyway as a data-exploration tool. The data are taken from camera imagery of our baby/toddler's sleep each night (see <a href="http://delectabledata.blogspot.fi/2017/03/sleep-tracker-for-baby.html">earlier blog posts</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSqrQgJIZHcuAQfjsABQ_P7xAM_AIWGnzEAefxe5D-6Dr_DGBwJrxjvRLiB8YciZl6JHkP7gxq-RXSQm4iW7KeDWB47NuM9zx4T9eXzcaQVLlQfeRDZ4hCpA7XJFXB3PqMa51uMkf2eTY/s1600/logistic.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSqrQgJIZHcuAQfjsABQ_P7xAM_AIWGnzEAefxe5D-6Dr_DGBwJrxjvRLiB8YciZl6JHkP7gxq-RXSQm4iW7KeDWB47NuM9zx4T9eXzcaQVLlQfeRDZ4hCpA7XJFXB3PqMa51uMkf2eTY/s400/logistic.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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It is probably possible to estimate, by eye from the red crosses, that there have been more undisturbed nights of sleep in the later months. But the logistic regression makes it clear that there is a positive relationship - i.e. our baby/toddler is sleeping through more and more nights (apparently sleeping through most nights by the end of the year).</div>
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-73499948790517226042018-03-06T13:18:00.000+02:002018-03-06T13:25:40.755+02:00k-means clusteringI want to play with data. In this case I want to find regimes/clusters in a dataset I saw in book "The Spirit Level" from the <a href="https://www.equalitytrust.org.uk/">Equality Trust</a>. I took the data (year 2010) from <a href="https://www.gapminder.org/">GapMinder</a> (Hans Rosling is an idol of mine!).<br />
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It's a method in a field of statistical computing (called machine learning, statistical learning, artificial intelligence, data mining, unsupervised learning, etc). The method is called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means_clustering">k-means clustering</a>. 'k' simply refers to the number of groups (clusters) in the dataset.<br />
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In this case the idea is that once a country reaches a certain level of wealth (about 5000-10000 USD/capita), no longer does life expectancy increase much (or at all) any more with still further increases in wealth.<br />
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k=3. When I was at school we were taught mostly about three worlds: under-developed, emerging and developed economies. So the first group includes countries like Mozambique, Malawi, Afghanistan. The second group Russia, India, Chile, China. The final group most western countries (USA, UK, Germany, etc).</div>
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k=9. Interestingly with more clusters small features start to emerge, like a group for South Africa and Botswana where increases in wealth have not translated into increases in life expectancy.</div>
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With k-means typically equal-size clusters are typical, so small clusters don't emerge, e.g. Bermuda and Luxembourg as the two most-rich per-capita countries.</div>
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-2106748401580180172018-03-05T13:47:00.001+02:002018-03-05T13:50:45.749+02:00k-nearest neighbourI <a href="http://delectabledata.blogspot.fi/2016/06/a-typical-lake-in-finland.html">previously</a> made some observations of lake depth in central Finland and plotted them in octave. I let octave use its own smoothing and interpolation between my datapoints. Now I'm curious to look a little at a simple algorithm of my own.<br />
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It's a simple method in a field of statistical computing (called machine learning, statistical learning, artificial intelligence, data mining, supervised learning, etc). The method is called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm">k-nearest neighbours</a>. 'k' simply refers to the number of nearest neighbours one takes into account.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4NrPV4OIABi2_LSj2RzJboMYkC7DWfqaBA8w4HM6N8jMNRwRvVJRlqlHYmG2XL-2vTvNB_FZWwJx3czB0qEfJKG5_LdxlHLcLP8tnwhGSdN-GVh5bAfY2fLlCF1pJeiYKwRitnLBqZTQ/s1600/syvyys_kNN.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4NrPV4OIABi2_LSj2RzJboMYkC7DWfqaBA8w4HM6N8jMNRwRvVJRlqlHYmG2XL-2vTvNB_FZWwJx3czB0qEfJKG5_LdxlHLcLP8tnwhGSdN-GVh5bAfY2fLlCF1pJeiYKwRitnLBqZTQ/s400/syvyys_kNN.png" width="400" /></a></div>
Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-55521690088922785822017-08-08T21:02:00.001+03:002017-08-08T21:02:51.211+03:00Lake temperature in central Finland<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://curtis.arkku.net/lake/">curtis.arkku.net/lake</a> (live data)</li>
<li>Location: Ilvesjärvi, Kotala, Virrat, Finland</li>
<li>Year: 2017</li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVNNu7sDTchNCehTDikr7qdxQ6n_aKrYi0Wf9djCp5Ufg8XPsptybQzzHC30ot60TXGmTxUlMKEnFBNhrQcyH98L05WATpfHshXQbegMzH4k1u9WLy-ILyHKP1h7Jq8_InjhOneYHJBpI/s1600/fig1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="990" height="345" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVNNu7sDTchNCehTDikr7qdxQ6n_aKrYi0Wf9djCp5Ufg8XPsptybQzzHC30ot60TXGmTxUlMKEnFBNhrQcyH98L05WATpfHshXQbegMzH4k1u9WLy-ILyHKP1h7Jq8_InjhOneYHJBpI/s400/fig1.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFV6YMm0jURD6Pnofot7rYVehsV5jH1np84FVSg4XDMY_8QVL8Kxe09Mp1l5jvpo7kgQbHZ1BC724kHsOAXVMvqEVecVADmsatZOKyiVO49c_EvaH4N64q5sgHj0NXeCnlHfKDyRpqt80/s1600/fig2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFV6YMm0jURD6Pnofot7rYVehsV5jH1np84FVSg4XDMY_8QVL8Kxe09Mp1l5jvpo7kgQbHZ1BC724kHsOAXVMvqEVecVADmsatZOKyiVO49c_EvaH4N64q5sgHj0NXeCnlHfKDyRpqt80/s400/fig2.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHtEqVpYjVgvqJyNIZywU9PGyhpYXPzE_qBFr_iSRORTBa5vEHHhNSTftj6DxEpFZKdIvSehRqvHWDuRwbEUxppNz14c-xojoifdANLTHCTCrFEGOzaEKyHPXfln1cB4mmgiRg5iNja8k/s1600/fig3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHtEqVpYjVgvqJyNIZywU9PGyhpYXPzE_qBFr_iSRORTBa5vEHHhNSTftj6DxEpFZKdIvSehRqvHWDuRwbEUxppNz14c-xojoifdANLTHCTCrFEGOzaEKyHPXfln1cB4mmgiRg5iNja8k/s400/fig3.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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(earlier posts <a href="https://delectabledata.blogspot.fi/2016/09/obtaining-and-deciphering-radio-messages.html">1</a>,<a href="https://delectabledata.blogspot.fi/2017/01/automated-capture-of-radio.html">2</a> on the methods)Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.com42870 Kotala, Finland62.2656789 24.03047209999999736.743644399999994 -17.278121900000002 87.7877134 65.3390661tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-81323901025080062062017-06-15T20:16:00.003+03:002017-06-15T20:17:46.877+03:00Paternity leave (isyysvapaa) and me as a stay-at-home parent (SAHP) for Jan-June 2017<i>The 'data' in this post is anomalous - it's qualitative/experiential. I'm not requesting any replies. I just felt the need to write down some of my feelings, opinions and experiences. I thought that others might be interested to read.</i><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuOIr0MBznggSKeysPh0l5xWOEKUJnMB13Cp9qkTULwRclZK6vtvTNZXU7L68ZcymnniK-PgUp9ZvUl_VijgKv1GW6x2uWsbPgaGZi2Y3ynrljDesk1XkYWMHy0T1gf6rJ_GRNwEqLv-A/s1600/IMG_20170615_104906.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1390" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuOIr0MBznggSKeysPh0l5xWOEKUJnMB13Cp9qkTULwRclZK6vtvTNZXU7L68ZcymnniK-PgUp9ZvUl_VijgKv1GW6x2uWsbPgaGZi2Y3ynrljDesk1XkYWMHy0T1gf6rJ_GRNwEqLv-A/s200/IMG_20170615_104906.jpg" width="173" /></a></div>
I felt that I MUST stay at home for months raising Zadie in order to match our values: <br />
- for my new family (Zadie and Annika) i.e. we're no longer in 19/20th century forcing mother to stay at home alone for years and go mad;<br />
- to provide a closer father for Zadie;<br />
- to be part of modern society where fathers are allowed to be SAHPs too!<br />
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According to KELA statistics in Finland, and depending exactly how one defines it, the ratio of SAH Moms/Dads seems to be between about 60/40 and 90/10. This seems about right to me at least based on the families we've seen.<br />
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I decided to focus on Zadie - and I'm very grateful I am not using up my energies on domestic things in my 'new job':<br />
- Cleaning is done by a cleaner twice a month.<br />
- Groceries are bought on the internet and delivered to our door.<br />
- I cook only very rarely; otherwise we eat out, or Annika cooks, or we have something light.<br />
- Laundry I occasionally do during the day, but we normally do it together at evening/weekend.<br />
- Zadie's clothes, toys, accessories are mostly done by Annika (or together) via flea markets.<br />
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If I do have spare time during the day (e.g. Zadie has napped for an hour or more), then I'm glad that I've often had time to do something for myself such as contacting a friend or spending some time on a geeky hobby (delectabledata.blogspot.com).<br />
- Analysis of Zadie's night-time sleep with the night-vision camera. <br />
- Automatic logging of lake temperature at the cabin/mökki.<br />
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My mental energy has been mostly filled with basic care things like Zadie's sleep, food and safety. It can be hard to remember to have fun with Zadie - when Annika comes home is so lovely to see the two of them often play/laugh together.<br />
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SAHP has felt very natural in many ways. Not at all as bad as I was fearing. My 5 months of SAHP has gone by fast. Although it has still been a challenge of course - returning to work will be easy after this! For the SHAP, there are dozens/hundreds of little considerations/tasks/plans. SAHPing can be very emotionally/analytically demanding. I often feel overwhelmed by the constant challenges, changes and failures, e.g. it has often been difficult to get Zadie to spend any time in the pram. SAHPing has been a great opportunity to have a sizeable break from work; I'm excited to see how my work-life changes in the future after this SAHP experience.<br />
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I've been more in contact with own feelings:<br />
Happy tears: <br />
- My first working day with Zadie ('muskari' at Linja).<br />
- Zadie's first claps.<br />
- Sometimes just holding her in my arms.<br />
- Zadie's first steps.<br />
- When on holiday together - it's lovely the 3 of us.<br />
Anger:<br />
- I've shouted with anger. Of course I'm not thinking clearly when e.g. I'm tired, I have too high expectations, a 100hr+ working week, and being human. Then follows guilt that this is too much for Zadie. I'm told that this is common in parenting - but somehow this doesn't help me much.<br />
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When I'm angry, part of it is really a feeling of fear that I'm a bad father. Of course it is not nice, but it happens. People have emotions. And there is a crumb of positive here in that Zadie gets to see a real/wholehearted/emotional person. Possible mantra: I'm a good-enough father.<br />
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Lack of control is annoying. E.g. I've just got Zadie to sleep, then there's a loud sound and it wakes her. Frustrating. Of course it's totally normal to feel disappointed/annoyed/negative in those situations, but it just feels too much sometimes. Though when looking back later that same day, I can see it didn't really matter that much after all! The benefit of hindsight and perspective!<br />
<br />
I give myself a hard time with failure (e.g. Zadie in pram). I want perfection. I find it hard to just be happy that I tried and sometimes it works, sometimes not. As my father wisely said: childcare cannot be solved by equations, so stop trying.<br />
<br />
Lots of change. Challenging. The support of Annika is lovely. Although sometimes feel guilty for needed it - how strange as she's my wife, friend and mother of my child. Probably a general theme about my not asking for help enough?<br />
<br />
Nappy changes. For some reason I thought nappy changes would somehow be too challenging. They're not. A blessing! The vast majority of the time it's as simple as flicking a light-switch. In fact sometimes any part of baby-care can be easy peasy; but at other times those same things can feel insurmountable. Furthermore, on some days it can be difficult even to find time to get out of pyjamas, much less have a shower or eat properly.<br />
<br />
It has too often felt lonely for me. I even put out a request for help on Facebook and it was lovely to get so many replies which made me feel less lonely. Though when I've later asked people one-to-one for spontaneous help most people's calendars are full - perhaps this is a peculiarity of modern busy scheduled life? Anyway, humans are mammals and surely babies should be brought up in a pack/tribe/community; it feels so unnatural to shut a parent indoors with babies/children for several years. Although luckily we've been out most days, often to the excellent city facilities like playgroup (singing, playing, eating, chatting with other SAHPs). But we have been fortune to have opportunities with neighbours, visits to other countries, cities, museums, galleries, shops, nature, baby cinema, swimming, baby massage, etc. It so easy getting around by bus and especially train - whilst travelling one can go to restaurant, toilet, play area, etc. To us using a car seems a more difficult option.<br />
<br />
We have actually met lots of people and I've even kept my Finnish language skills brushed up. It is lovely to have a network of acquaintances. And it's easier to speak with random people in day-to-day life when I'm with Zadie. Although I'm often wishing to find people who I can connect much better/deeper with.<br />
<br />
I've also enjoyed getting involved in community work with Zadie at my side. I've volunteered at Kalliolan setlementti by teaching (in Finnish) mathematics and Finnish to small groups.<br />
<br />
There is so much advice out there on parenting. And people often seem so sure of it - I guess unsure people keep quiet. But when I ask people for the source/reference/evidence, there normally is not one. With my scientific training, my mind wants to know whether something really has any chance of working or not and whether it will have any lasting effect (?damage) on our baby. I find it a challenge to just 'trust' myself as a parent when in society we get trained/licences/support for so many things we do. But babies seem to be mostly a lighter and own-values-based approach. I could think in circles for hours on these things, so I won't.<br />
<br />
We're happy that we've avoided TV. There were perhaps 2-3 taxi rides where she was very upset and we used some YouTube nursery rhymes to help her cope with the taxi ride. But that's about it.<br />
<br />
I've been virtually 24/7 with Zadie for many months in a row. Strange. I have enjoyed a 'night off' sleeping away from home: a nice medicine/luxury to relax.<br />
<br />
We've been ill a lot - about once a month. Flus, colds, tummy bugs. Yuck.<br />
<br />
I'm grateful that Annika works normal (8am-4pm) workdays and does not work at home and very rarely travels for work. It's a great support for me, and of course it's great for Zadie--Annika relationship too. I've not found myself clock watching to count the hours until Annika comes home. <br />
<br />
The new-born phase is now a distant dream - I can't quite remember it. I'm looking forward to when Zadie can talk with us and do cool things like baking. <br />
<br />
The whole SAHP experience gives perspective in so many ways. One mundane thing is simply not worrying so much about stains on clothes, queues of laundry, dirty dishes, etc. There just isn't always time to sort out these things immediately any more. Even though I knew, or could have guessed, most of what I've written about being a SAHP - it's still an extra level of understanding to walk in the shoes of a SAHP. Certainly a training in empathy. <br />
<br />
I love Zadie and Annika very much, and I surely now have more understanding/love/compassion for myself. I'm very happy to be Zadie's father and I hope we have a close relationship as she grows up. Bring on Life 2.0.<br />
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Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-89986818006364031012017-05-11T21:41:00.001+03:002017-05-31T21:44:07.453+03:00Baby's sleep statisticsHere are a few graphs, made in <b>octave,</b> of the development of our baby's sleep in recent months.<br />
(see my <a href="https://delectabledata.blogspot.fi/2017/03/sleep-tracker-for-baby.html">earlier post</a> for details about _how_ the data were collected)<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li><u>Falling to sleep typically varies around 0-60 minutes.</u><br />Here, we are not including the bed-time routine of food, bath, soft music, turn lights down, pyjamas, etc. So here is an estimate of the time from first trying to put the baby down in the cot until asleep (i.e. no major movements). </li>
<li><u>Bedtime varies between 7 and 10pm</u>, but clearly depends a lot when us parents chose to try to put the baby to sleep (hence there being many nights just after 8pm).</li>
<li><u>Wake-up time varies between 5 and 8am.</u><br />Again, is the baby wakes before 5am, we try hard to put her back to sleep - hence nothing before 5am.</li>
<li><u>Sleep duration varies between 8 and 12 hours per night.</u></li>
<li><u>The number of wakes per night varies between about 0 and 8.</u><br />Yes, the baby sometimes sleeps _all night_ without waking.</li>
</ol>
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Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-11016086210177252382017-04-21T14:00:00.000+03:002017-05-04T13:54:15.156+03:00UK general elections - progressive alliance?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Another UK general election is coming. Again in the media a so-called progressive alliance is being talked about (e.g. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/apr/19/how-to-survive-the-election-campaign-of-doom">Guardian</a>). The background is that in the UK in general the conservative-right has normally held together in one party, whilst the liberal-left has been fragmented. And in a winner-takes-all voting system, the liberal-left has been badly hit over the years - but I want to know HOW badly.<br />
<br />
Normally in the past it has simply been a case of Labour + Liberal (Democrats). Although these days one could probably add in other parties to the mix, like Green and maybe say SNP, Plaid Cyrmu, etc.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-gTBjTAS2tTtX_abJvnaRKJF62NABUhxBeNn3NBKBXxIqUXdL6a9CrQb7En_nMlJ9mZnCya7lwlE3CJeZ-322cHp3i7HgU8h5E_kxnr5yJCj1chYoLZGlrqFub0HfdUc1vRS5xZ3NrpY/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-gTBjTAS2tTtX_abJvnaRKJF62NABUhxBeNn3NBKBXxIqUXdL6a9CrQb7En_nMlJ9mZnCya7lwlE3CJeZ-322cHp3i7HgU8h5E_kxnr5yJCj1chYoLZGlrqFub0HfdUc1vRS5xZ3NrpY/s400/Untitled.png" width="400" /></a><br />
So, in 18/19 general elections, progressive parties received the largest vote share -- although there was a Conservative government in 9/19 cases and a Conservative-led government in 1 case. So this confirms in numbers that the voting system favours the Conservatives.<br />
<br />
It is rare for the progressive parties to even go below 50% - e.g. it happened in 2015 presumably because (a) the LibDems were punished for going into a coalition with the Conservatives and (b) UKIP's vote-share rose lots (and it seems that UKIP has a mix of right-left-conservative voters).<br />
<br />
EDIT: Andy requested the seat info too, so here it is:<br />
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<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-49010494623377764482017-03-01T08:24:00.000+02:002017-03-01T08:43:40.411+02:00Sleep tracker for baby<u><b>Aim:</b></u><b> Track baby's sleep using images from baby monitor.</b><br />
<br />
Camera: D-Link DCS-825L<br />
Example image 17.5 kb, 640x352 pixels, 96x96dpi, 24bit.<br />
<table><tbody>
<tr> <td width="90%"><br />
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu0UNDiFKklOa3F-I_APWakXxEb1-WSaMGJx4ROsPkYMGXINRXCcGOrzoJRXoMRnFScyscQouXpda67NMxKmbH4IthfvofI0DiNTvSbdnSPi4XL9TPUdbnkjEJ8kpbKNSwyCCOyY49jog/s320/example.jpeg" /></td> <td width="10%"><br />
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1PU1LsWO6BuAq0hEIv0BWhLUkLX82YEwk8kbSl8HVeO_anv63uUvyrl_iXCFFtSbbn6eBZDhsa9TCv0dSe8qSbfPwfPTfRNLbuANnexHTy9-ZbOvHLc66eXzpIXDxMyrnGL2x8fntuoc/s200/camera1.jpg" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<b><u>Method,</u></b> use the change in image filesize as a proxy for baby movement:<br />
<ul>
<li>Capture image using <b>wget</b> from local network 192.168.1.2/image/jpeg.cgi</li>
<li>Crop the image using <b>mogrify</b> (imagemagick) to remove date and time from image.</li>
<li>An artefact of the above makes night-vision jpeg images in greyscale (and keeps lighted images in colour); we'll see later that this is useful metadata.</li>
<li>Repeat as often as possible (e.g. every second); although maybe it is possible to overload the camera.</li>
<li>Write to file with columns: Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, Seconds, FileSize, Greyscale</li>
</ul>
<br />
<b><u>Analysis</u></b><br />
<ul>
<li>The jpeg filesize varies from 0 to about 130 bytes from second to second, even with no movement.</li>
<li>Baby movements gives up to 400 bytes of variation.</li>
<li>Adult movement gives many hundreds or thousands of bytes of filesize changes.</li>
<li>We can cut off the awake-time evening and morning data when the night-vision was off (this is presumably when an adult was in the room putting the baby to sleep and collecting the baby in the morning).</li>
<li>Each morning plot (using <b>octave</b>) the night's movements:</li>
<ul>
<li>Sleep was from 9pm until 7am, with help from parents around 04:30 to 05:00 (plus baby's own movements around 10pm, midnight, 2am, 4am):</li>
</ul>
</ul>
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<b>Useful link:</b><br />
<ul>
<li>D-Link forum: http://forums.dlink.com/index.php?board=427.0</li>
</ul>
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-60440182047972647852017-01-16T09:08:00.000+02:002017-01-30T21:37:39.075+02:00Automated capture of radio communications<div>
<b><u><span style="font-size: large;">PART 2</span></u></b><br />
(see also earlier <a href="https://delectabledata.blogspot.fi/2016/09/obtaining-and-deciphering-radio-messages.html">blog post</a> about this)</div>
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<b><u>Aim:</u></b> to log lake temperature<br />
<br />
<b><u>Method</u></b>: similar to before, but with new device.<br />
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<b><u>Device:</u></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYlBn0Y5Lm0H9JUR8t4-X9f8ECwIgx7kmwUWiodHVPYBujwmBBPRpL2-DRdXHPg1lu2Otv4S7VFL7queQThzVKzUzo0JIWNZ5fVL1_FWsIvmrBBgTWfc8xHIF7x-C3GvGn1E_k3nOS8ys/s1600/51LhIP%252B6KkL._SL1001_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYlBn0Y5Lm0H9JUR8t4-X9f8ECwIgx7kmwUWiodHVPYBujwmBBPRpL2-DRdXHPg1lu2Otv4S7VFL7queQThzVKzUzo0JIWNZ5fVL1_FWsIvmrBBgTWfc8xHIF7x-C3GvGn1E_k3nOS8ys/s200/51LhIP%252B6KkL._SL1001_.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
* "SODIAL(R) New Wireless Digital Floating Swimming Pool Thermometer Bath Spa Temperature" bought from Amazon<br />
* Example result for 13.0degC was 01011000 01111010 00010010 10011111 10101111 00110011 1<br />
<br />
Other notes on message:<br />
- there's a 'calibration' set of 8 before the main message<br />
- Then a long time at "1"<br />
- Then a long time at zero<br />
- Then main message<br />
- The start of each bit jumps from 0 to 1<br />
- After each bit there is a jump from 1 to 0<br />
- The 0 "on" is longer than the 1 "on"<br />
- The bits seem to be of different widths for "1" and "0"<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt9N8l4nr8EqHzgGL7eklmfGvXlSQJCZA4goXDSwEs80mYi6xw4syf_xs-ubu3YheqfjUrPm9CU-3jEciAkVYC574LDKVB-SD54GeamUJD8vINMUtzNclEigxGJdk5ayOBVm-cnwwtoVM/s1600/binary.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt9N8l4nr8EqHzgGL7eklmfGvXlSQJCZA4goXDSwEs80mYi6xw4syf_xs-ubu3YheqfjUrPm9CU-3jEciAkVYC574LDKVB-SD54GeamUJD8vINMUtzNclEigxGJdk5ayOBVm-cnwwtoVM/s400/binary.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<u style="font-weight: bold;">Decoding:</u><br />
* Calibrated from 4 temperatures between 3 and 31degC. A linear relationship found between temperature and bits 15-24 (T = mx + c, where T is temperature (degC), m=0.1, c=-40, and x is the message in bits 15-24).<br />
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In Linux or Windows (or even Raspberry Pi):</div>
<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">rtl_sdr -s 1e6 -n 3.2e7 -f 433.85e6 -g 40 output.dat</span></b><br />
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This should create a 32-second data sample at 433.85 MHz with a gain of 40dB and save the file to "output.dat".<br />
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In Octave: <br />
<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> fid = fopen('output.dat','rb'); </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> y = fread(fid,'uint8=>double'); </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> y = y-127.5; </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> y = y(1:2:end) + i*y(2:2:end); </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> plot(abs(y));</span></b></div>
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Then many lines of Octave code to interpret and clean signal,<br />and then writes result to data log file with each row as follows: Year,Month,Day,Hour,Minute,Temperature(degC)</div>
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Helpful websites included:</div>
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<ul>
<li>http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/145714/what-encoding-is-used-in-this-signal</li>
<li>http://sdr.osmocom.org/trac/wiki/rtl-sdr</li>
<li>http://aaronscher.com/wireless_com_SDR/RTL_SDR_AM_spectrum_demod.html </li>
</ul>
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Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-78287309635161578452017-01-04T21:56:00.001+02:002017-01-04T21:59:55.872+02:00Moisture indoorsIn Finland in winter, the indoor air is normally so dry that it causes problems with cracking/itchy skin. Ideal indoor moisture should be 30-50% relative humidity (NB. too high RH causes damp/mould), but easily indoor RH can get down to 10% in cold spells in Finland.<br />
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I have bought a sonic humidifier that has a 1 litre capacity and takes about a day to emit this moisture into the air. I want to know roughly how much effect this might have.<br />
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I'm going to ignore effects of sources/sinks/storage like showers/cooking/washing/ventilation.<br />
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If we imagine a starting point of 20C and 25% RH, then this is about 4 g/m^3.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvwEzRIDez9fAkUNbQ1Gjf3TKZAoZK0D-OdQbmpm4n_FAY5QApjON5bikNF5BwJAoUHo25eoZLtudFE43S9bNjF5ldleY466toa2Uct1AGotDO_dnrzCa_6xvxjuVIvjdLwEBCmz93Koo/s1600/RH_es2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvwEzRIDez9fAkUNbQ1Gjf3TKZAoZK0D-OdQbmpm4n_FAY5QApjON5bikNF5BwJAoUHo25eoZLtudFE43S9bNjF5ldleY466toa2Uct1AGotDO_dnrzCa_6xvxjuVIvjdLwEBCmz93Koo/s320/RH_es2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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Now let's imagine instantaneously and evenly adding all that 1 litre (1000 g) of water into the air in my flat (72 m^2 and about 3m tall, so volume of about 216m^3). This would be adding 1000/216 = 4.6 g/m^3.</div>
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So we would be roughly doubling the moisture content, and <b><u>the RH would increase to about 50%</u></b>. This would be a great result.</div>
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<i>Future blog update...estimate the effect of time on this scenario by looking at the rate at which the humidifier works and the rate of ventilation in/out of the flat...</i></div>
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-40155838438580500772016-09-25T22:18:00.000+03:002017-01-30T21:38:55.176+02:00Obtaining and deciphering radio messages<br />
<b><u>Aim:</u></b> to obtain and decipher radio messages from household devices.<br />
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<b style="text-decoration: underline;">Test device:</b> Clas Ohlson (WS2015) temperature sensor - typical household 433MHz device.<br />
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<b><u>Receiver:</u></b> USB dongle (e.g. hsy® USB 2.0 Digital-DVB-T-DAB FM RTL2832U FC0013B SDR TV Radio Receiver-Stick) on a Windows laptop. <br />
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<b><u>Data study and capture:</u></b> SDR# (SDR sharp), 8bit wave file made of a couple of seconds and filesize of a few megabytes.<br />
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<b><u>Understanding the data:</u></b> each clock-cycle has a level shift (0/1). Logic1 has a level shift within a clock cycle, whilst logic0 does not. Bits 21-35 are temperature (scaled as +50 x 128). Useful website was http://ala-paavola.fi/jaakko/doku.php?id=wt450h<br />
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<b><u>Data processing:</u></b> done 'myself' in Octave -- the key command was <i>wavread('FILENAME.wav')</i>. But also some 'debouncing' was done to infill the many dropped "1" values. Plus all of the 6 messages were taken (2 channels, 3 messages per channel) after some synchronizing.<br />
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Hardware:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv3fdIyqwXG2UbTl-7aYv08tBGTxYUCjs1C8_LufHduV13ML0VXtEEWK82yEeyMAVGRaV3tWVQELqbd3yVQrKuiWP-6BBbT60SIykEKLx8jvF7WA241BpetxKqHk5LI-e8jnpCIedcenk/s1600/dongle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv3fdIyqwXG2UbTl-7aYv08tBGTxYUCjs1C8_LufHduV13ML0VXtEEWK82yEeyMAVGRaV3tWVQELqbd3yVQrKuiWP-6BBbT60SIykEKLx8jvF7WA241BpetxKqHk5LI-e8jnpCIedcenk/s200/dongle.jpg" width="200" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjubWSJ8pgvZUlYJAruyhON1I0jiQ50DBYRriHEyPG0Yg6U3IXD84T7oANGwxiVu4Z2GbQNvg4YhO9FPJKQh9jbv6Px74fDPlVl4Jwn1tcWiOsX9Pd_cZTu5lcOp8wD16Zl34rP5vxchqI/s1600/WS2015.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjubWSJ8pgvZUlYJAruyhON1I0jiQ50DBYRriHEyPG0Yg6U3IXD84T7oANGwxiVu4Z2GbQNvg4YhO9FPJKQh9jbv6Px74fDPlVl4Jwn1tcWiOsX9Pd_cZTu5lcOp8wD16Zl34rP5vxchqI/s200/WS2015.jpg" width="170" /></a></div>
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Software, SDR#:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoGoRJEiMAB6o7ycEMn1FiSJhODs6Kc0X233pBjg4GsMcO-MJjBiXvZc46RgZHYbtbKkLGgMyTuFyyMcsdVNHMfbl8SbNaO6UfUisYb7iQ2ZG7acy7lQuaIwNuBzd_JBp3bZGBImu9hQA/s1600/Screendump_SDR.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoGoRJEiMAB6o7ycEMn1FiSJhODs6Kc0X233pBjg4GsMcO-MJjBiXvZc46RgZHYbtbKkLGgMyTuFyyMcsdVNHMfbl8SbNaO6UfUisYb7iQ2ZG7acy7lQuaIwNuBzd_JBp3bZGBImu9hQA/s400/Screendump_SDR.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Software, Octave:</div>
Each minute 3 near-identical 36-bit messages sent:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-aBseabHQXC0SCnuhE8NTfwGw58hJ2lNAOcbuLwxs2rbzR4NkJfiKUhJJkPWfFJQ95ff63JhkzcLIJa87Ka8doYK8EdkQFpOFZqV89lym3qYGlPWKJnca1aZ1uEnzHJrMXy4kZ8sL5aY/s1600/octave1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-aBseabHQXC0SCnuhE8NTfwGw58hJ2lNAOcbuLwxs2rbzR4NkJfiKUhJJkPWfFJQ95ff63JhkzcLIJa87Ka8doYK8EdkQFpOFZqV89lym3qYGlPWKJnca1aZ1uEnzHJrMXy4kZ8sL5aY/s400/octave1.png" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Example, zoom in on first 5 bits of first message (notice the many 'dropped' "1" values): </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXcl-fg4I4yGERHYsdMtNXbrxV_ZvwUYCUgt_zE8SZdusL-aMxykCqSNZmN4WWMOQ75F4ZYYylZdNVW4WsF29SoHnQseheYBAXw4U4lMZ92IcdEK51JoHnKl2qJ0aQVj7yYTCLIGGBrcc/s1600/octave1b.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXcl-fg4I4yGERHYsdMtNXbrxV_ZvwUYCUgt_zE8SZdusL-aMxykCqSNZmN4WWMOQ75F4ZYYylZdNVW4WsF29SoHnQseheYBAXw4U4lMZ92IcdEK51JoHnKl2qJ0aQVj7yYTCLIGGBrcc/s400/octave1b.png" width="400" /></a> </div>
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After tidying and then converting the binary message to a normal (decimal) value the result is found: </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZy4ATCDHJAF8YXeBr2_uRpDbC18TrFBKNvbpnyT_KcuRb8ERWTLogIiYJES28e7n0YgMn4v9PAYQXz16y0s_whVIILAyXYRmG8chXjM_hUIckeI_TMV-IKmXLsQNqd4mCls29XCgZYBI/s1600/octave2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZy4ATCDHJAF8YXeBr2_uRpDbC18TrFBKNvbpnyT_KcuRb8ERWTLogIiYJES28e7n0YgMn4v9PAYQXz16y0s_whVIILAyXYRmG8chXjM_hUIckeI_TMV-IKmXLsQNqd4mCls29XCgZYBI/s400/octave2.png" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://delectabledata.blogspot.fi/2017/01/automated-capture-of-radio.html">See also Part 2</a></span><br />
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<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-44157974836462100562016-09-13T14:22:00.002+03:002016-09-13T14:37:53.551+03:00Winter wonderland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
All winters are cold and snowy in Finland, but some much more than others.<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHUdV4cVQIK9v4r7i5hv02b2FWtHzfjaDD5WhaYXYkB8EP9_3ZqkFelVAWCy0N0gUx3uuttgsMCORBHqITJ9uFUm7MT1aQ7e4LQ2O5TqABDJwoSI_Yi-EYLCN_2xi_u__sEL29P9IRc2g/s1600/climate_winter.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHUdV4cVQIK9v4r7i5hv02b2FWtHzfjaDD5WhaYXYkB8EP9_3ZqkFelVAWCy0N0gUx3uuttgsMCORBHqITJ9uFUm7MT1aQ7e4LQ2O5TqABDJwoSI_Yi-EYLCN_2xi_u__sEL29P9IRc2g/s400/climate_winter.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Weather station at Helsinki Airport in Vantaa.</div>
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"Cold days" are with maximum temperature below 0C.</div>
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"Snow days" are simply days with at least some snow on the ground.</div>
Winters are shown such that e.g. "2010" on the graph means the winter of 2009/10 (e.g. November 2009 -- April 2010).<br />
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Source: Finnish Meteorological Institute.</div>
Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-2750765582336689542016-09-13T11:30:00.004+03:002016-09-13T11:32:28.225+03:00Summer daysI had the impression that this year had lovely summery weather. it did, and I enjoyed it lots. But apparently it was only about the same as the long-term (30-yr) average (of about 50 days per year), and even this year was cooler than some of the recent warmer summers that Helsinki's had in the last decade or so.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyD756uM7S-w7L1Sdk7GIpxublucZVtbWcrfluoZID6TcrxFGMGTfVn8eoJX5zl_cutELwpEWFw1Qoyv4aGlHTgcOjVOLgPZJIEif-F-yu5f6v9IPiGYefyzscJ6jDBZ_lhnFiKNoPI6s/s1600/climate_summerT.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyD756uM7S-w7L1Sdk7GIpxublucZVtbWcrfluoZID6TcrxFGMGTfVn8eoJX5zl_cutELwpEWFw1Qoyv4aGlHTgcOjVOLgPZJIEif-F-yu5f6v9IPiGYefyzscJ6jDBZ_lhnFiKNoPI6s/s400/climate_summerT.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Weather station at Helsinki Airport in Vantaa.<br />
"BBQ days" are with maximum temperature above 18C, at least 4 hours of sunshine and no rain.<br />
"Hot days" are with maximum temperature above 25C.<br />
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Source: Finnish Meteorological Institute.Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-87141699110227394932016-07-05T08:33:00.000+03:002016-09-13T11:12:35.471+03:00It doesn't rain as often as we think.It doesn't rain on me very often going to work. I wanted to know how often it happens...<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFVbcgi2bjEThJoRm3K2oORiIitgnD_e5BZdFdhap4jF8Rn7sSEeK8E21ndI1g6bfMfw-1nGrMCe9NJo1JUQzUovIESsnRtrFiOQ4V9erjF1gq_3h-exwNLPYU2E5DZ0K67tsxGkCTGhU/s1600/sadeKumpula.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFVbcgi2bjEThJoRm3K2oORiIitgnD_e5BZdFdhap4jF8Rn7sSEeK8E21ndI1g6bfMfw-1nGrMCe9NJo1JUQzUovIESsnRtrFiOQ4V9erjF1gq_3h-exwNLPYU2E5DZ0K67tsxGkCTGhU/s320/sadeKumpula.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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It's dry a lot of the time: for 88% of all 10-min periods and 81% of all 1-hour periods. Although the statistics for 24-hours looks less good - only 37% of days are completely dry.</div>
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My bike-ride to work is 5 minutes each way. So there's an 88% chance of being dry each day when I go to work - i.e. it'll rain on me on about only 2-3 days per month. </div>
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I also looked at Helsinki (Vantaa) airport 1985-2015 for a few more things PER YEAR: </div>
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<ul>
<li>52 BBQ days (Tmax>18C, sun>4hrs, rain=0) </li>
<li>17 hot days (Tmax>25C) </li>
<li>85 gloomy days (sun=0, rain>0) </li>
<li>70 cold days (Tmax<0) </li>
</ul>
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Data from <a href="https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/open-data">Finnish Meteorological Institute</a></div>
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-44270409966963914482016-06-05T07:17:00.001+03:002018-03-05T13:52:05.436+02:00A typical lake in Finland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
I once heard in a pub quiz that the average depth of Finnish lakes is 7 metres. But I think that most lakes have never had their depth measured - and certainly not in the detail that I would want. So I decided to make my own measurements (using string, GPS and a boat) of a lake I spend a lot of time on. The original data comprised 121 depth measurements; the coastline was later refined using google maps.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjti4B68y08Hi49-UaPQT7oQRCLsaflklhHV8ADG_PVnywrVMtkoV_RSrfwtxLCrsjArtc8Aw6Cz0-pdYiYmGrjjRC92UO5KkViXbY6CkgfJYFO-rEwPcJ0e_1SPx3ERxJQ2ty1N2Su1E8/s1600/syvyys2_nimeton.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjti4B68y08Hi49-UaPQT7oQRCLsaflklhHV8ADG_PVnywrVMtkoV_RSrfwtxLCrsjArtc8Aw6Cz0-pdYiYmGrjjRC92UO5KkViXbY6CkgfJYFO-rEwPcJ0e_1SPx3ERxJQ2ty1N2Su1E8/s400/syvyys2_nimeton.png" width="268" /></a></div>
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The axes are just distances in metres (north upwards), and the depth is on the colourscale in metres.</div>
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-37128535570943044142016-06-04T09:07:00.001+03:002016-06-04T09:08:12.124+03:00Lakes in Finland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;">In Finland there are over 180,000 lakes, pools, ponds of at least 500 square metres in surface area. </li>
<li style="text-align: left;">On a lake database (jarviwiki.fi) are included all lakes of at least 1 hectare in size (i.e. 100x100 metres is 10,000 square metres).</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">There are lots of small lakes, and not so many bigs ones - following a power-law relationship, see chart below.</li>
</ul>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIvX8usI15cXVIgMwVQDf-a_92dVZcmrAxJLj5eooKRUVHp4jk5I2NiHw5k44I0snaVUcwgOVnD9IXqP-Alz_IKgDRHGQaIjlNqKqvNkulIRHTIHh_nm5iWD2KqPTjS6x-FlU7NPg7OBw/s1600/Lake_frequency.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIvX8usI15cXVIgMwVQDf-a_92dVZcmrAxJLj5eooKRUVHp4jk5I2NiHw5k44I0snaVUcwgOVnD9IXqP-Alz_IKgDRHGQaIjlNqKqvNkulIRHTIHh_nm5iWD2KqPTjS6x-FlU7NPg7OBw/s400/Lake_frequency.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-48279699312393193042016-03-19T15:46:00.001+02:002016-06-05T07:21:07.501+03:00Bags in the Finnish language...<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnzm9jsf0gOPtjrobA3CcpxeZPFWblhBXID4vn6JXl8FloxUvxA5S1-h4qegHDqitksU40n0AFjBC27FcA_1FicCD7WiQKn-FLGVxdL_USBNtV1XXKwG23so7yewt6odT5pB9Kt1-XdMc/s1600/bags.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnzm9jsf0gOPtjrobA3CcpxeZPFWblhBXID4vn6JXl8FloxUvxA5S1-h4qegHDqitksU40n0AFjBC27FcA_1FicCD7WiQKn-FLGVxdL_USBNtV1XXKwG23so7yewt6odT5pB9Kt1-XdMc/s400/bags.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-23443620918547052622015-09-01T22:57:00.001+03:002015-09-01T22:57:44.717+03:00Flight times<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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I recently came across these that I made last Christmas. It's one way to pass time in an airport...</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBf9Bf6Bs0mtcF9HJ3R_w6rK_V4ZIJMQNXl6wBZG3ZGxp-PKa1euG2F7RxkMFNMRy3_nZTeUS2fjPRz8FaqIyLbl_QQw4ecW9HzAHIaiyeJkWoiBkKTqE4cCX3ycogGx1hVkNbANajVV8/s1600/curtis_flights-Helsinki_20150901.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBf9Bf6Bs0mtcF9HJ3R_w6rK_V4ZIJMQNXl6wBZG3ZGxp-PKa1euG2F7RxkMFNMRy3_nZTeUS2fjPRz8FaqIyLbl_QQw4ecW9HzAHIaiyeJkWoiBkKTqE4cCX3ycogGx1hVkNbANajVV8/s640/curtis_flights-Helsinki_20150901.png" width="500" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4c1B88xBLhSSK5_nPROZg3TMRuUEXcrKon24FDqpWEVWUJo02jUrCMDTcQRgzCUiPV5zzC_ZZt1KgptzH-muJSsbrsAqA7pDNVl0QpLla7eTYET1VSaeLay2mMIctmJm09VkdVbMKBk4/s1600/curtis_flights-Manchester_20150901.png.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4c1B88xBLhSSK5_nPROZg3TMRuUEXcrKon24FDqpWEVWUJo02jUrCMDTcQRgzCUiPV5zzC_ZZt1KgptzH-muJSsbrsAqA7pDNVl0QpLla7eTYET1VSaeLay2mMIctmJm09VkdVbMKBk4/s400/curtis_flights-Manchester_20150901.png.png" width="500" /></a></div>
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-72264542493904043212015-08-31T08:18:00.000+03:002015-08-31T08:18:09.733+03:00Kävelytunnelit Helsingin keskustassa<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIdW1tF-IdwEFwlCH7-Rg7JFxo48ij3XNUX-V1NiRrQ5RUEUTBLHINGYo1FvU0TbhvQGQnVYzljAQcLtjRwCw-7QvPOge7wOG3OMPy693HFGHwxIubm4wHzCk1K3bez8hf2IU8gKhlppQ/s1600/curtis_tunnelit_20150831.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIdW1tF-IdwEFwlCH7-Rg7JFxo48ij3XNUX-V1NiRrQ5RUEUTBLHINGYo1FvU0TbhvQGQnVYzljAQcLtjRwCw-7QvPOge7wOG3OMPy693HFGHwxIubm4wHzCk1K3bez8hf2IU8gKhlppQ/s400/curtis_tunnelit_20150831.png" width="400" /></a></div>
When weather is against us, it can be nice to use some of Helsinki's tunnels to walk from place to place. But it can be hard to navigate underground. So I made a map of some key underground and covered walkways in Helsinki city centre.<br />
<br />Naturally there are simplifications to keep the map readable. But I'd be happy to hear about any key things to add to or remove from the map. I assume I'll make another version...Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-11394865865135916212015-08-30T23:18:00.002+03:002015-08-30T23:18:43.605+03:00English speakers in Europe<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0KM-FElUlXV6rIxSVIyQSLbUB94ifWTPgS0L1ckgC-JjHsSIrpvfawnN-NRWqVb7lgKMnLNZsFzkyuUBTVB4k71fWgBf26JNgw3e1MPb3Hb4gopd0bt0Uy-Yux3tSUq0HMxar8gm2Bwk/s1600/curtis_language_20150830.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0KM-FElUlXV6rIxSVIyQSLbUB94ifWTPgS0L1ckgC-JjHsSIrpvfawnN-NRWqVb7lgKMnLNZsFzkyuUBTVB4k71fWgBf26JNgw3e1MPb3Hb4gopd0bt0Uy-Yux3tSUq0HMxar8gm2Bwk/s400/curtis_language_20150830.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<li>Overall no big surprise: more English-language speakers in north and west Europe.</li>
<li>I was surprised how 'low' Finland was. But I am perhaps biased by living in Helsinki!</li>
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Data source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_English-speaking_populationCurtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-67362560708020814742015-08-28T06:59:00.002+03:002015-08-28T07:00:56.964+03:00Sunshine in UK and Finland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWsphQ4POFtf863kAYjRIzbrulx7s3p99VSptXqirAoM8eQyzoPNPCDRwOjhyeP_y0FZqGT7nO8g3-xtbwQSkiDx-MLI8P8x9PzdR-TmU9CttmQ4e2ekxFX28aOrFjpI23R_DQbO6kcG0/s1600/curtis_sunshine_20150828.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWsphQ4POFtf863kAYjRIzbrulx7s3p99VSptXqirAoM8eQyzoPNPCDRwOjhyeP_y0FZqGT7nO8g3-xtbwQSkiDx-MLI8P8x9PzdR-TmU9CttmQ4e2ekxFX28aOrFjpI23R_DQbO6kcG0/s640/curtis_sunshine_20150828.png" width="409" /></a></div>
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<li>Not only is there less daylight, but also it is much more cloudy in winter. Thus sunny less than 20% of the time!</li>
<li>The spring and summer is quite nice though - sunshine around 50% of the time.</li>
<li>For comparison, the south cost of Spain has around 60-70% of sunshine (most in summer).</li>
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Data sources: http://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/climate, http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate<br />
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Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-37347361751979767112015-08-22T09:41:00.002+03:002015-08-22T10:23:01.677+03:00Foreigners Living in Finland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5XbTq-3N3zzaL-y2LrN_kx-Rdc3eE6PCINSyhuzAhl8sVpvDJawcb8kywqjNR8ZCJW5sv4V4aobH5hq5NOT7Ka2Ixsw1SHfGUzufYmEkF7RY-Fl991wzEm-cT8iltPihsa8lH4Biz0NE/s1600/curtis_foreigners-in-finland_20150822.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5XbTq-3N3zzaL-y2LrN_kx-Rdc3eE6PCINSyhuzAhl8sVpvDJawcb8kywqjNR8ZCJW5sv4V4aobH5hq5NOT7Ka2Ixsw1SHfGUzufYmEkF7RY-Fl991wzEm-cT8iltPihsa8lH4Biz0NE/s400/curtis_foreigners-in-finland_20150822.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Data source: http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html<br />
<br />Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7248400250834738956.post-62304223970408747052015-08-21T08:11:00.000+03:002015-08-22T10:23:58.059+03:00The sit-and-reach test<div style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBahDKRRUxV-jn8z4xF4bHvCoKz6roS6etbj7WCqhTqpD3mTjj21sdJahQECZvubNNIGvFp7iFnAuhPPpQCmSOhBABSXFmfb-eQr7KOxtVtpOAs_oUzpuBXxfwC9hZFDm4VHKfpZ1G8lk/s1600/curtis_sit-and-reach_20150821b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBahDKRRUxV-jn8z4xF4bHvCoKz6roS6etbj7WCqhTqpD3mTjj21sdJahQECZvubNNIGvFp7iFnAuhPPpQCmSOhBABSXFmfb-eQr7KOxtVtpOAs_oUzpuBXxfwC9hZFDm4VHKfpZ1G8lk/s200/curtis_sit-and-reach_20150821b.jpg" width="188" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE_k1VifY_Ugh8VAGzvFygpRr-d2RFXRdjo5acnT4-OsKumZQlkAMsr-ASCqhZmVdrDykWFErVQFKBpcB4-vwFDeLk9bh4Ooafc-pXaPnsCzCnq5lzhRpxk-NCdJCXSech2-mowJApJMY/s1600/curtis_sit-and-reach_20150821.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE_k1VifY_Ugh8VAGzvFygpRr-d2RFXRdjo5acnT4-OsKumZQlkAMsr-ASCqhZmVdrDykWFErVQFKBpcB4-vwFDeLk9bh4Ooafc-pXaPnsCzCnq5lzhRpxk-NCdJCXSech2-mowJApJMY/s400/curtis_sit-and-reach_20150821.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Some conclusions:</div>
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<ol>
<li>Youth and females have greater flexibility than elders and males (perhaps obvious).</li>
<li>For my group (33-year-old males) the 50-50 point by coincidence is '0 cm', i.e. touching one's toes. Meaning that about half cannot reach their toes (although 80% of young girls can!). </li>
<li>As for my own story, I used to be 13 cms short of my toes. This meant that I was at about the 20% mark (4 out of 5 men could reach further than I could). BUT NOW, after weeks of exercise, I can exceed my toes by 7 cms - this means that I am over the 60% mark and only 2 out of 5 men can reach further than I can!</li>
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Data source: http://www.exrx.net/Calculators/SitReach.html<br />
Image source: http://oncourt.ca/news/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1.jpg<br />
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Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13943831912843034775noreply@blogger.com0